1. Pinion radius (r): in meters. 2. Force applied by the driver (F): in Newtons. 3. Torque (T) = F × r: that is, force multiplied by the radius of action of the pinion. For example, if the driver applies a force of 20 Newtons to the steering wheel and the effective radius of the pinion is 0.02 meters, the torque generated is: T = 20 × 0.02 = 0.4 Newton meters.

Yes! During the long-term use of a car or machine, manual rack and pinion gear may indeed fail due to frequent movement and high load use. Although these failures are not common, the probability of their occurrence increases with the age of the car.

● Reduce the number of teeth on the gear: If the number of teeth on the gear is reduced and the pitch of the rack remains the same, each rotation of the gear will drive the rack to move a greater distance, thereby reducing the steering ratio. ● Increase the pitch of the rack: By increasing the pitch of the teeth on the rack, the rack can be moved farther when the gear rotates the same angle.

Rack and pinion gear wear is usually caused by long-term use and lack of proper lubrication. Especially in hydraulic power steering systems, rack and pinion gear wear will directly affect the pressure transmission of hydraulic oil, causing the steering wheel to turn heavy.

The environment around the rack and pinion gear is relatively complex, especially in some harsh driving conditions, mud, sand, dust and other external debris can easily enter the steering system. These debris may accumulate between the rack and pinion gear, causing it to engage poorly.

Determine the design goals of rack and pinion gear according to the vehicle type, purpose and performance requirements. For example: How much steering force is required? What is the maximum steering angle of the wheel? What is the expected service life and maintenance cycle?

If the steering wheel is obviously heavy when turning, or the steering is not smooth, it may be that the wear of the rack and pinion gear has increased friction. In this case, the owner should check and replace the rack and pinion gear assembly as soon as possible to avoid affecting driving safety.