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One of the most common symptoms of a BMW steering rack failure is steering that becomes heavy or stiff. Normally, a steering rack transmits power smoothly when in good condition. However, if the rack is severely worn, the meshing clearance between the teeth and the pinion increases, generating greater friction during steering.

Five signs that your hydraulic power steering rack needs to be topped up: 1. Heavy steering wheel 2. Unusual steering wheel noises 3. Steering becomes jerky 4. Hydraulic oil warning light illuminates 5. Check the hydraulic oil tank fluid level

The rack and pinion gear assembly is a complete device consisting of two parts: a rack and a pinion. Specifically, the rack is a straight gear with a row of evenly spaced teeth, typically in a straight configuration; the pinion is a round gear with a tooth profile that matches the rack.

The hydraulic system's oil pipes are responsible for transporting hydraulic fluid to the rack and pinion assembly. If cracks or ruptures occur in the pipes due to aging, wear, or collision, hydraulic fluid can leak through the damaged areas. Additionally, loose joints and poor seals at the oil line connections can also cause fluid leaks.

Unusual noises during steering system operation are common signs of bushing damage or wear. When the steering rack bushing is worn or damaged, the metal parts within the steering system may rub against each other, producing various types of noises.

The steering system may be overloaded in some extreme cases, causing the rack and pinion to break. Overload is usually caused by the driver turning the steering wheel suddenly and hard, or the vehicle is under extreme driving conditions (such as high speed, sudden braking, strong turning, etc.).