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The manual steering system completely relies on the driver's power for steering, and the mechanical structure is relatively simple, mainly relying on the rack and pinion mechanism to achieve steering. The hydraulic steering system adds a hydraulic power assist device on the basis of the manual.

Hydraulic power steering rack (HPS Rack) is the most common type of steering system in traditional fuel vehicles. Its core is to provide steering assistance through hydraulic pressure. This rack usually works with a hydraulic pump, oil pipe, valve and hydraulic oil tank.

For those car fans who pursue the purest and most direct driving feeling, the mechanical steering system is undoubtedly the best choice. It provides the most realistic road feedback and control feeling, and is suitable for sports driving with high requirements on road conditions.

Water will freeze below 0 degrees Celsius to form ice cubes, which is fatal to hydraulic systems. In cold environments, if water is mixed into the hydraulic system, the system may lose its function due to the freezing of water.

In the current automotive market, hydraulic power steering systems (HPS) and electronic hydraulic power steering systems (EHPS) are still widely used, and both systems rely on power steering pumps.

Most standard auto insurance policies do not cover the natural wear and tear or mechanical failure of the rack and pinion due to long-term use. This type of damage is usually considered the owner's responsibility and needs to be repaired at their own expense.

Causes of rack and pinion damage: Vehicle wear and aging Inadequate lubrication of the rack and pinion Failure of the hydraulic system (in hydraulic steering racks) Improper driving habits External shocks and damage

The manual steering system, also known as the power-free steering system, is a mechanical device that relies on the driver to directly apply force to turn the steering wheel and control the steering of the vehicle.

The time required to replace a rack and pinion varies depending on the vehicle model, system design, working environment and technical proficiency. Generally speaking, it usually takes a professional technician 3 to 5 hours to complete this task under ideal conditions.

After replacement, the geometric relationship of the steering system may change due to possible size differences between the new and old parts or slight errors during installation. If calibration is not performed, these changes will cause problems in the operation of the steering system.